49. Calculate the energy U of repulsion of spherical nanoparticles with radius r in an aqueous electrolyte solution with concentration c at the potential of the diffuse layer φ. Assume a temperature of 25 C and a relative dielectric constant of the medium of 78.6. The calculation is carried out at distances between the surfaces of particles h: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 nm. Draw a graph of U = f(h).

Problem Electrolyte s, mmol/l φ, mV r, nm
49 Ca(NO3)2 0.5 20 18

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