Using Newton's second law, derive the equation of small oscillations in the systems shown in the figure: a) mathematical pendulum - a material point of mass m suspended on an inextensible thread of length l; b) physical pendulum - a rigid body of mass m, which can freely rotate about the O axis, the moment of inertia about the axis is equal to J; c) spring pendulum - a block of mass m lying on a smooth horizontal table, attached with a spring of stiffness k to a vertical wall. Show what

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